The Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

The Tragic Hero of Julius CaesarTragedy concerns itself with the downfall of a protagonist (or the tragic scrapper) that suffers suppress defeat or death. Brutus certainly fits in as the protagonist of Julius Caesar and the tragic hero. Since Brutus was one of the main characters of the play, it would be obvious that he would be the tragic hero of the play as well. The downfall of the protagonist occurs through a tragic flaw of the protagonist. Brutus tragic flaw was making bad judgments. For example, he let Antony come up to at Caesars funeral, he let Antony live and besides he marched to Phillipi. Since the Romans liked Brutus, they thought that if he killed Caesar, then he had a favourable reason for it. However, if Brutus had non let Antony speak at the funeral, the people would not have turned against him and the other conspirators. Antony was not Caesars best friend, like Brutus he just wanted everybody to be against Brutus so they could follow him. Letting Antony live w as very poor judgment. Brutus committed suicide because Antony defeated his army. If Antony were killed, Brutus would have never committed suicide himself. The march to Phillipi was also a bad idea because if they hadnt gone everybody wouldnt have been killed. Brutus also made poor judgment on his friend Cassius. Cassius was the one persuading Brutus to become one of the conspirators, if he hadnt listened to Cassius, he wouldnt have killed Caesar.Brutus was one of Caesars best friends, but he was not the greatest friend in the world. He killed his own best friend. Also, as good as a friend Brutus was to Caesar, it appeared as though Brutus loved Rome and its people more(prenominal). If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. (3.2.21-24) Loving Rome more than his own friend was another of Brutus tragic flaw. He was more loyal to people hes never met before, than his own friend. If Brutus did not love Rome more, he would not have killed his good friend.If Brutus felt so strongly that to render Rome he had to assassinate his own best friend that definitely must show something. Brutus killed Caesar for the people of Romes sake, not for his own. A true hero would forecast of other people before thinking of himself.

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf, the Hero   &9The epic poem Beowulf, which was told from generation to generation honoring modern Anglo-Saxon beliefs, describes a exalted man who saves a village in their time of need. By definition a hero is a man of exceptional quality. Exceptional quality doesnt even begin to describe the man that is Beowulf. Beowulf has many heroic characteristics from his super human strength to victoriously slaying monsters and other ferocious beasts. He has subtle leadership skills and commonly boasts of his achievements. Beowulf emerges as the true Anglo Saxon hero who risks his life for the lives and well being of others. Others perceive Beowulf as a hero through his sensible strength and stories of his glorious feats. Through all of the battles Beowulf fought he lost only two, and his last defeat would be the death of him. The first battle Beowulf lost was his disputation with Breca. Unferth was an unbeliever of the strength and determination of Beowulf. Unferth ta unted Beowulf one night only to be, in return, taunted back. "Are you the Beowulf that strove with Brecarisking your lives on the lonely deepof ocean swimming with out-streched armswith plough shoulders parted the wavesseven nights you toiled in the tossing seahis strength was the greater, his swimming the stronger" (389-400). As Beowulf explained in his feud with Unferth, "We gripped in our hands naked marques, as we swam the waves, guarding us from the whales profanefreezing squalls, and the falling nightdown to the bottom a savage sea beast fiercely dragged meand so I was granted to slay with the sword edge nine of the nicors" (413-443). Basically Beowulf is trying to explain that the only reason he lost to Breca was because he had been swimming for seven days straight and he stopped along the way to kill nine sea creatures to make it easier for other travelers of the sea to get by. This was one of the first heroic acts Beowulf preformed. Through the look of a n Anglo Saxon, Beowulf saved them from having to deal with the sea creatures, because the sea plays a major role in the life of the Anglo Saxons.  &9Beowulf came to rescue the Anglo Saxons from a ferocious monster who was terrorizing their town. Beowulfs uncle is king of the Geats and so he is sent as an emissary to help rid the Danes of this monster, Grendel.

George Orwell and Animal Farm :: essays papers

George Orwell and Animal FarmThe British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair,achieved gibbousness in the late 1940s as the author of twobrilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, andcriticism during the 1930s and subsequently established himself asone of the most important and influential voices of thecentury. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in1903 in the Indian Village Motihari, which lies near to the border ofNepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blairsfather Richard, held a blank space as an agent in the Opium Department of theIndian Civil Service. Blairs paternal grandfather, too, had been partof the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Erics mother,Ida Mabel Blair, the daughter of a French tradesman, was almost eighteenyears younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an eldersister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged andfairly pleasant existence, in helping to dish up th e Empire.Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later describedthem ironically as lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109). Theyowned no property and had no extensive investments they were like manymiddle class English families of the time, totally low-level on theBritish Empire for their livelihoo d and prospects. Even though thefather continued to clobber in India until he retired in 1912, in 1907,the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With or sodifficulty, Blairs parents sent their son to a private preparatoryschool in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won a recognition to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famouspublic school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to work at adreary preparatory school, and now after kind the scholarship, hewas not any more interested in further mental exertion unrelated to hisprivate ambition. At the beginning of Why/Write, he explains that fromthe age of five or six he knew he would be, must be, a writer (Gross,p.115). But to become a writer one had to enter literature. ButEnglish literature was not a major subject at Eaton, where most boyscame from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to larn them English Literature would be absurd. One of Ericstutors later declared that his famous pupil had done absolutely no workfor five years. This was, of course, untrue Eric has articledhimself to the masters of English prose who most appealed to him,including Swift, Sterne and Jack London (Gross, p.George Orwell and Animal Farm essays papersGeorge Orwell and Animal FarmThe British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair,achieved prominence in the late 1940s as the author of twobrilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, andcriticism during the 1930s and later established himself asone of the most important and influential voices of thecentury. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in1903 in the Indian Village Motihari, which lies near to the border ofNepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blairsfather Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium Department of theIndian Civil Service. Blairs paternal grandfather, too, had been partof the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Erics mother,Ida Mabel Blair, the daughter of a French tradesman, was about eighteenyears younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an eldersister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged andfairly pleasant existence, in helping to administer the Empire.Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later describedthem ironically as lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109). Theyowned no property and had no extensive investments they were like manymiddle-class English families of the time, totally dependent on theBritish Empire for their livelihoo d and prospects. Even though thefather continued to work in India until he retired in 1912, i n 1907,the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With somedifficulty, Blairs parents sent their son to a private preparatoryschool in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won ascholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famouspublic school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to work at adreary preparatory school, and now after winning the scholarship, hewas not any more interested in further mental exertion unrelated to hisprivate ambition. At the beginning of Why/Write, he explains that fromthe age of five or six he knew he would be, must be, a writer (Gross,p.115). But to become a writer one had to read literature. ButEnglish literature was not a major subject at Eaton, where most boyscame from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to teach them English Literature would be absurd. One of Ericstutors later declared that his famous pupil had done absolutely no workfor five years. This was, of course, untrue Eric has apprenticedhimself to the masters of English prose who most appealed to him,including Swift, Sterne and Jack London (Gross, p.

Approaches to the Study of Religion Essay -- Theology Religion Sociolo

The sociological approach looks at religious belief and practice in relation to the society. Sociologists be interested in two themes, the centrality of faith in society and the diversity of forms it inhabits (Hamilton 1995/20011). It regards religion as a social fact subject to empirical observation, which produces empirical evidence (Dillon 20037). The sociology of religion is a product of the enlightenment, from which it inherited a tendency to dismiss religion as incompatible with rationality (Dillon 20036). This dismissal has had significant impact on the place towards religion and it is the basis for the most influential paradigm in the history of the field secularisation. The secularisation possible action claims that religion is or will be on the decrease in society. So profound was its impact that modern sociology often aims to account for the continued presence of religion in society and has generally held a rather negative view of religion as being an unworthy subject of study(Davies 20072). The reason for the secuarlisation can be seen in the fact that sociology is a theory both guided by and aims to build theories (Wuthnow/Dillon 200321). Theories require analysis and generalisation. It is impossible to analyse a subject without first defining the subject (Robertson 197034). Definition is a contentious issue because different definitions entail different criteria which lead to different patterns being indentified in data. Theories are created by the identification of patterns in data which are then generalised.(Davies 20075). Thus a definition will vastly affect the content and concept of a theory. Definitions of religion in sociology fall into two categories, utilitarian and substantive. This essay will assess... ...in the answers but in the question.Works CitedDavie, Grace (2007) The Sociology of Religion. London. Sage PublicationsDillon, Michele (2003) Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Cambridge. Cambridge university pressHamilton, M alcom (1995/2001) The Sociology of Religion Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. 2nd edition. Routledge. LondonHunt, Stephen J (2002) Religion in Western Society. London. PalgraveMcGuire, Meredith B. (1997) Religion The Social Context 4th edition. Wadsworth Pickering, W.S.F. (1984) Durkheims Sociology of Religion Themes and Theories. Routledge. LondonRobertson, Ronald (1970) The Sociological Interpretation of Religion. Blackwell Sociology Series. London Steinsaltz, Adin (2000) A communicate to Jewish Prayer . New YorkWuthnow, Robert (2003) Studying Religion, Making it Sociological in Dillon (2003) pp.16-30

Brave New World by Huxley and Future Predictions Essay -- Brave New Wo

jocund new-sprung(prenominal) World by Huxley and Future PredictionsDue to the Enlightenment belief in understanding done science and the scientific innovations of the Industrial Revolution during the 18th and 19th Centuries in Europe and America, the notion that society could be vastly improved through scientific progress pervaded western culture. Naturally, these advances were expected to culminate in the 20th Century. However, the shear brutality and scale of World War I and the hopelessness of the world economical depression of the 1930s destroyed prior expectations and new socio-economic and political movements emerged, such as Social Darwinism, Eugenics, Marxism, Fascism, Nazism, Fordism (which encompasses both mass-production and mass-consumption), etc. In his novel A Brave New World, Alduous Huxley incorporates various negative aspects of these movements into a morbid prediction about the future of industrialized society. Moreover, considering the parallels between some o f the aspects of Huxleys utopian society and those of contemporary, industrialized, consumer society, A Brave New World is frighteningly prophetic. The starkest parallel between Huxleys utopia and modern industrialized society is the absence of religion. In the novel, people worshipped henry Ford as the new God and all traces of prior religions were completely obliterated. Hence, crucifixes were cut into Ts to represent Fords model T, the Charing-T chromatography column lifted towards the sky (Hux 61). Additionally, Bibles, Korans, and other holy books were banned in Huxleys utopia and simple colloquialisms involving God were replaced with Ford, Thank Ford He was not the last (79). Coincidentally, leadership in many modern industrialized societies have... ...2.) A.R.I.S.= the American Religious Identification Survey, directed by Dr. Ariela Keysar of New York City University.Works CitedArab Human Development make known 2002. New York, NY United Nations DevelopmentProgram me Arab Fund for Economic And Social Development. 2002.Better Ways. Economist. 28 July. 2001 p. 61.Bible, the. King James Version.Huxley, Alduous. A Brave New World. New York, NY HarperCollins Publisher, Inc.1932.Kimmelman, Michael. Beauty? Brains? Place Your Orders. New York Times. 16 Feb.2001 E33.National Center for Health Statistics. 14 April. 2003. divorce.html.National Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 50, Num. 5. 14 April. 2003. nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_05.pdf.Stumbling in the dark. Economist. 28 July. 2001. p.51. result Twenty Religions in the United States, 2001. Adherents.Com. 14 April. 2003.

Brave New World by Huxley and Future Predictions Essay -- Brave New Wo

unafraid(p) New World by Huxley and Future PredictionsDue to the Enlightenment belief in understanding through science and the scientific innovations of the Industrial Revolution during the 18th and 19th Centuries in Europe and America, the nonion that society could be vastly alter through scientific progress pervaded western culture. Naturally, these advances were expected to culminate in the 20th Century. However, the shear brutality and scale of World War I and the despondency of the world economic depression of the 1930s destroyed prior expectations and new socio-economic and political movements emerged, such as Social Darwinism, Eugenics, Marxism, Fascism, Nazism, Fordism (which encompasses both mass-production and mass-consumption), etc. In his story A Brave New World, Alduous Huxley incorporates various negative aspects of these movements into a morbid prediction about the future of industrialized society. Moreover, considering the parallels between some of the aspects of Huxleys Utopian society and those of contemporary, industrialized, consumer society, A Brave New World is frighteningly prophetic. The starkest parallel between Huxleys utopia and modern industrialized society is the absence of religion. In the novel, sight worshipped Henry Ford as the new God and all traces of prior religions were completely obliterated. Hence, crucifixes were cut into Ts to represent Fords model T, the Charing-T Tower lifted towards the sky (Hux 61). Additionally, Bibles, Korans, and other holy books were banned in Huxleys utopia and simple colloquialisms involving God were replaced with Ford, Thank Ford He was not the last (79). Coincidentally, leaders in many modern industrialized societies have... ...2.) A.R.I.S.= the American Religious Identification Survey, directed by Dr. Ariela Keysar of New York City University.Works CitedArab man Development Report 2002. New York, NY United Nations DevelopmentProgramme Arab Fund for Economic And Social Develo pment. 2002.Better Ways. Economist. 28 July. 2001 p. 61.Bible, the. King James Version.Huxley, Alduous. A Brave New World. New York, NY HarperCollins Publisher, Inc.1932.Kimmelman, Michael. Beauty? Brains? Place Your Orders. New York Times. 16 Feb.2001 E33.National Center for Health Statistics. 14 April. 2003. divorce.html.National Vital Statistics Report. Vol. 50, Num. 5. 14 April. 2003. nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr50/nvsr50_05.pdf.Stumbling in the dark. Economist. 28 July. 2001. p.51.Top Twenty Religions in the United States, 2001. Adherents.Com. 14 April. 2003.

Cultural Analysis of France

AbstractThe farming of France has provided substantial contributions to both society and burnish over the course of history. This essay assesses the cut market-gardening with a focus on leading and business aspects that devolve on the nations philosophical system. With results demonstrating the dynamic potential available in the French grow, this evaluation has put together some(prenominal) continuing contributions to the inter discipline community. This research will be of value to any person studying French culture.Cultural Analysis of FranceFrance has long held a position of interest in the area of culture and leadership (Kuhn, 2013). This assessment focuses on leadership elements that provide a clear demonstration of the French philosophy and interactive potential. Beginning with a brief overview that incorporates key components including location, history and social infrastructure will build an easily understood foundation. Next will be an evaluation of cultural and bu siness practices that will serve to outline the French philosophy at work. The combination of these segments will create the opportunity to identify the leadership qualities needed to be successful in French society.OverviewBlanchard, Lemaire, Bancel, Thomas & Pernsteiner (2012) describe France as one of the most important actors in Europe. France is recognized as the largest somatogenetic nation within the boundaries of Europe with over 60 million French speaking citizens (Blanchard et al, 2012). Featuring regional boundaries created by the passage of time and tradition, each section of France possesses strange religious and social attributes that set it apart making the associated culture complex (Frenchculture.org, 2014).Once flourishing as a colonial empire French holdings lengthy around the world, directly impacting international development (Frenchculture.org, 2014). With distinct offerings in areas of law including jurisprudence the French contribution to worldwide civiliz ation has been fundamental (Zimmerman, 2014). The Spirit of the Laws, created during the eon of Enlightenment is one of many reflections of value that the French philosophy place on the areas of science and art (Blanchard et al, 2012).Evolving from a monarchy to a modern-day democratic society, with practice devolving from the population, France created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in order to clarify human rights (Zimmerman, 2014). This form of leadership supports the French position of innovation and development in the cultural arena. With territories comfort extant overseas, the French economy is rated to be the fifth largest in the world, further illustrating the strength and vitality of the French system (Zimmerman, 2014).Cultural ElementsGoldhammer (2010) describes the French culture since the variety of the nineteenth century as a combination of three aspects Humanist, or the philosophical aspect, the scientific and the industrial. The French cult ure emphasizes the areas of civil rights and education in a direct effort to increase the overall standard of living (Summerfield, 2013). With past leaders including the conqueror Napoleon contributing directly to the French educational tradition, thither is a lasting identification of the French population with the learning arts (Rigby, 1991). Modern evaluation of the French educational system ranks it midway between the highest and the lowest, with many substantial individuals attributing their philosophy to the system (Summerfield, 2013). This lasting identification with art is transferred to the very high rate of tourism in the nation of France, number one in the world, which is in turn credited with spreading of French concepts of education and learning (Zimmerman, 2014). With premier artists and concepts including Cubism, Impressionism and Symbolism by such renowned artists as Manet, Monet and Renoir long comprising the French ranks, there is a real consciousness of gravitas to be felt in the cultural inclination of art (Summerfield, 2013). This is demonstrated the by the unrivalled French capacity to attract visitors which then spread their cultural ideals and artistic values.Among the arts and educational values held by the French there is a real sense of scientific and innovative components (Kuhn, 2013). With major universities producing practical applications in the fields of business and economics, the French culture stresses the need to continually revisit and consider new ideas (Zimmerman, 2014). This aforesaid(prenominal) element of cultural leadership is exhibited in areas including fashion and advertising (Summerfield, 2013). With several leading institutions including Dior and Chanel, the French society has created a cultural expectation of style and voguish (The Economist, 2014).With a positive world outlook, modern French culture boasts one of the very stovepipe reputations for trust and integrity on the world stage (Zimmerman, 2014). Th is particular drives the perception that the society ranks among the best overall systems of governance (The Economist, 2014). Despite the upbeat overall outlook, many internal polls cite the depressed attitude of the culture itself (Frenchculture.org, 2014). With a high moral and ethical standard, yet an open and inclusive society, the French society epitomizes their slogan Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (Blanchard et al, 201243).Leadership and Business CharacteristicsFrance has been characterized by meaning(a) leaders of both sexes including Napoleon and Joan of Arc there is a tradition of strong, opinionated leadership (Blanchard et al, 2012). Coupled with a history of monarchies including the reign of notables such as Louis the 14th, there is an expectation of grandiose and innovative concepts from the upper tier (Stephenson, 2011). With the French revolution and the rise of democracy these principles of strength and vision in leadership hire carried over, providing impetus fo r the modern crop of French leadership (The Economist, 2014). With a business culture that recognizes the value of leisure and employee satisfaction, there is a focus on providing the best possible environment in order to produce the best possible result (Rigby, 1991).ConclusionFrance is a multi-tiered culture that has provided and will continue to be a positive influence on the entire world society. With attributes including practicality, integrity, innovation and adaptation there is a real perception of value to found in the culture. pickings elements that have been refined over the centuries including French art, educational and civil rights philosophies and cultural values the nation of France can be credited with substantial contribution to modern international society. With a need to be forthright, decisive and stalwart in the face of criticism the French leadership and business community have served to drive the nation to the position of prominence that it now enjoys.In the e nd, past actions, modern practices and future day potential combine to illustrate France as a competitive nation that produces well educated individuals fit for leading the international community. With a well-rounded consumer base coupled with a dynamic business environment, there is every antecedent to expect the French culture to continue to be a leader into the next era.ReferencesBlanchard, P., Lemaire, S., Bancel, N., Thomas, D. R. D. & Pernsteiner, A. (2012). Colonial culture in France since the revolution.Frenchculture.org. (2014). French culture. online Retrieved from http//frenchculture.org/ Accessed 8 Mar 2014.Goldhammer, A. (2010). The future of French culture. French Politics, Culture & Society, 28 (3), pp. 97113Kuhn, R. (2013). Imagining the popular in contemporary French culture. Modern & Contemporary France, 21 (3), pp. 396397.Rigby, B. (1991). Popular culture in modern France. London Routledge.Stephenson, P. (2011). The death of French culture (trans. Andrew brown) . Journal Of Contemporary European Studies, 19 (4), pp. 582583.Summerfield, M. (2013). Wine drinking culture in France a national myth or a modern passion?. Journal Of Wine Research, 24 (1), pp. 8182.The Economist. (2014). Bleak chic. online Retrieved from http//www.economist.com/news/christmas-specials/21591749-bleak-chic Accessed 8 Mar 2014.Zimmermann, K. (2014). French culture customs & traditions. online Retrieved from http//www.livescience.com/39149-french-culture.html Accessed 8 Mar 2014.

The Effect of Multiculturalism in Canadian Society

In terms of education, multiculturalism is becoming increasingly disruptive in Canadian society. It seems that there is a new impression in the media focus regarding education on a weekly basis. Its becoming increasingly apparent that about, if non all issues in recent years root word from the debate of whether to centralize or decentralize our flow rate system of education. Proponents of centralisation argue that a standard national system of education go out win all people with access to the same quality of education.On the other hand, proponents of decentralization claim that individualistic educational institutions will go forth a level of education that is sensitive to the differing cultures and economic status within a incident area. Both sides contend that their system will provide a higher standard of education while improving the educational opportunities for minorities. Due to the recent investigation by the UN into Ontarios education system, it is sequester to d efine what Canadians are authorize to as far as educational rights.The UN proclaims universally that, Everyone has the right to education and that education shall be needy, UN, 1948,Article 26 (1). These definitions are very broad and far-reaching, and are seldom adhered to as fundamental human rights. Many governments are inclined to define human rights in the manner most convenient to suiting their own political interests. (Boutros Butros Ghali, 1993). Essentially, there is no benchmark that compels any government education system to provide for a multicultural society.It should be interesting to see what the UN will secernate about the Canadian education system and whether or not they will set standard in education for a multicultural society such as ours. With no hard and fast guidelines how should the education system in Canada operate in order to become an integrative force in Canada. The most prevailing school of though in Canada regarding education is its standardizatio n and centralization. The provincial Government is responsible for developing and implementing of public education policy as yen as they are in power.The Harris government has implemented and proposed many ideas for the centralization and standardization of education in the province of Ontario. These policies are aimed at conserving tax dollars and the excreta of the wasteful bureaucracies infecting our education system. Also the provincial government is taking steps to standardize the level of education received by students in Ontario. Programs like like testing for teachers and students as well(p) as the standardization of the curriculum were implemented.These programs are intended to provide all students regardless of race or economic stand in any area of the province and friction match opportunity to succeed. These initiatives are part and parcel of increased demand by the Federal government to experience Canadian students rise to levels equivalent to those achieved by st udents in Asia and Europe. (Lightbody, pg. 265) These steps however pay little heed to other cultures in the education system. All courses on history or culture at the high school level are aimed to familiarize students with the traditions, philosophy, literature and history of the western world.Proponents argue that this action is appropriate since our coun assay is based on a democracy founded in European ideals of government. It is also claimed that there would not be enough time in the current school year to educate students on every culture that has contri thated to the construction of our society. Proponents for centralization seem to prefer the middle of the road approach when making decisions on curriculum. It is argued that trying to push the subject of multiculturalism too far would actually be a hindrance.Over emphasis of multiculturalism may interfere with a students participation in other groups, or worse, hold a child back from expressing his or her individuality. (Ry an 137) In other words, an education system that is equal is equal for all that use it. An all-encompassing education system provides the same level of education for all involved, and should not pay preference to any one individual culture. This casing of system has come under fire from groups such as Natives, isolated communities, minorities, and womens groups since the system is incapable of attending to their particular needs.For example, the Oakland California train Boards introduction of a controversial Ebonics policy. This policy was countered immediately with the creation of a bill that would penalize schools who support the instruction of Ebonics by restricting funding. Teaching courses in Ebonics can severely handicap a student in North America. Almost every facet of business, education, and government is conducted in proper English. This is a right example of how an absurd attempt to be considerate towards a minority hinders the progress of the education system.Diversio ns such as these aim the attention away from just attempts to structure the education system in a way that benefits everyone fairly (If there is such a thing). In todays society this type of education does not seem to be a progressive step for Canadians. An example of this is the creation of Affirmative action programs. In the U. S. blacks are experiencing an unemployment rate of nigh twice that of whites, Canadian figures I assume are relatively similar. Affirmative action was designed to give qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with whites.These programs create widespread resentment for minorities by Caucasians and thus hindering the development of society. Meanwhile the implementers of these programs ignore the reasons why these programs need to be created. They sire nonetheless gone as far as claiming, Few can argue that racism is still rampant in awarding contracts, jobs, and educational opportunities, even though its been proven beneficial to have pe ople of different races with different ideas and different experiences working toward the same goal (Chappell, 1996)The other school of cerebration in regards to education is the creation of what is known as a chartered school. A chartered school is run nearly autonomously with little interference by government (other than partial funding) or bureaucracies. It is intended to allow for increased local participation in decision making, and to save money by cutting smoothen on costly administration and foster innovation through competition. (Lawton pg. 23). With competition, schools would have a greater incentive to improve itself in all aspects.Most advances would take place in the creation of new programs, providing access to higher levels of technology, and structuring curriculum with sensitivity to the ethnic make-up in its surrounding area. These schools would be developed and influenced by the parents of the students, teachers, other community members and even corporate sponsor s. One of the major benefits of this type of school would be an increased response time in educational demands payable to a lack of bureaucratic posturing and unnecessary collective bargaining agreements.Essentially, the organization will perform better since the programs implemented or any decisions make will affect those who make them. Supporters believe that this will hold a charter school accountable for improving and achieving its stated goals. Therefore, a school hardened in a particularly ethnically rich area can provide a form of education more appropriate culturally for its students. If a school is to be successful then it will have to be very aware of the demands placed on it by the area in which it is located.If it is not then it will risk failure. Parents will move their children to another school if they feel that their child is not existence provided with an acceptable education. A concentrate school system would be unable to respond to local needs due to broad gen eral policies made by distant bureaucrats. These schools however will be partially funded by the government, with more money being allocated to the successful schools who attract more students. Presently there are eight chartered schools operating(a) in Alberta out of a legislated maximum of 15.Other Provincial governments may be considering the implementation of charter schools but the idea is still new in Canada and there are numbers or studies that assess the performance of the existing schools in Alberta. The fundamental hindrance of a charter school is that it serves its community but not the nation. The increased response to community needs may in fact serve to increase the segregation among cultures in Canada. Also, lower income families will not be able to send their children to more successful schools for many reasons such as the cost of transportation and the cost of living in a particular area.The same could possibly apply to different cultures. The opportunity for a cult urally rich education may be limited to location, and financial position. The result being that they would be no better off than they are now. The issue of multiculturalism will always plague the education system in Canada. There is no proven method of teaching all the students in a class in a manner that preserves their culture while affording them the same opportunities as everyone else.The centralization of education almost ignores the need for cultural understanding between ethnically different people. It supports itself on the idea that if all schools teach the same thing, students will be afforded the same opportunities. But how does the government decide what is best for each individual? Does majority rule apply in the education system as well? On the other hand the de-centralization of the school system provides for more community oriented schools that strive for improvement through competition.The idea of a problem free multicultural society can not be realized if we draw l ines in the sand. We must act for the development of the nation, and the maintenance for the culture. Both views essentially try to answer two important motions asked by Canadians at once. First, how do you reduce the level of bureaucracy and reduce wasted tax dollars. Secondly, they attempt to answer the looming question of equality and the creation of a multicultural society in Canada today.

Capital Budgeting Decision Process

seat of government Budgeting Decision Process 1. Introduction The maximization of sh atomic number 18owner wealth can be come throughd through with(predicate) dividend policy and change magnitude sh be price of the mark nourish. In order to derive much profits, our caller shall invest potential difference coronations which always cover a number of years. Those investitures impact substantial initial expense at the outset and the process. The management is responsible to participate in the process of planning, analyzing, evaluating, selecting and fashioning de frontierinations to allocate the limited resource to those investments. This is called swell budgeting decision process.Budgeting acts as an important managerial tool in put on. It is budget for the major keen investment such as purchase of land and building, industrial plant and machine, investing new product or market. In modern competing environment, the company shall go ahead to make those investments in or der to survive and profitability. A tidy evidence is Apple which globally introduced iPhone and acted as a leading market position. Denzil & Antony (2007) stated that Those decisions shall accommodate account of the amount, timing and associated riskiness of expected company bills flow.Therefore, Capital budgeting decision process is within the prospective of financial management. 2. The Aims of Financial Management Finance management generally embraces financial decision, investment decision and dividend decision. Its aims can be varied from different company, the main aims be expanding a new market, budgeting control, maximizing profit and maximizing shareholder wealth. Keown, et all stated that The unsounded goal of a business is o create hold dear for the companys owners (this is, its shareholders).However, the management may focus on profit maximization that go out benefit him beca using up he is the agent on behalf of the shareholder resulting in devoicing ownership a nd management from the company. It leads to conflict with the shareholders interest and may detriment the shareholders wealth. In order to balance those conflicts, the management shall efficiently allocate limited resource and must call back its investment st straddlegies with its financing policies at the dress hat interest of the shareholder. The return valuate of future cash flows is a better measure of the wealth of shareholder value.Cash inflows are derived from financing activities such as debt and/or equity. If those cash are used for investment decision, it implies that there go forth be less contribution to shareholders as a mean of dividends. Efficient and effective allocations of the funds are principle responsibility of the management. This can be achieved through making an optimal corking budgeting decision process so as to create value for shareholders. 3. Academic literature on models of the investment process The company may face many potential investments in which it has to make choices to invest.It is necessary to evaluate potential investments in order to make better decisions. Every new investment is subject to risk and uncertainty. It always takes a long period of time to cut through future benefit. It will severely affect the cash flow of the company. The company therefore must manage the cash flow efficiently and effectively. Some techniques are introduced to decide whether to invest potential investment. lav Graham & Harvey (2000) conducted a survey of 392 CFOs found that CFOs always use Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal site of Return (IRR), percentage respectively is 74. and 75. 7 Payback period (PB) is also popular 56. 7 percent while Profitability Index (PI) seldom use only 11. 9 percent . Alkaraan & Northcott (2006) also obtained a similar result from survey that UK manufacturing companies applied appraisal techniques. Accounting rate of return (ARR) and PB are commonly used techniques. It is important to be aware of their merits and drawbacks. ARR is an accounting ratio which is also known as Return on investment. It is accepted for potential investment (usually less than one year assessment) if ARR is more than or equal to hurdle rate.It is easy to understand and calculate, but it ignores cash. PB measures the number of years required so that the estimated returns can cover the initial outlay. It is also easy and simple to use, but it takes no account of cash flow after payback period. Both methods take no consideration of time value of money. To overcome those problems resulted from ARR and PB so as to make optimal decisions, the project appraisal process ineluctably to consider the time value of money. Expected future cash flow of potential investments shall be snubed and added together to derive a lump sum of the present value sing a given discount rate. Three types of discounted cash flow are NPV, IRR and PI. NPV is the difference between sum of present value and initial outlay for the p roposed investment. A positive NPV indicates that the proposed investment is accepted and vice versa. NPV takes account of the time value of money and all relevant cash flows over the life of the project. However, it is herculean to understand and rely on to provide an available appropriate discount rate. IRR is the discount rate at which NPV is zero. If IRR is greater than the cost of capital, then the potential investment is recommendable.IRR is easy to understand and it excludes the drawbacks of ARR and PB that both ignore the time value of money. However, IRR often gives an unrealistic rate of return unless the calculated IRR is a reasonable rate for reinvestment of future cash flows. PI is the sum of the NPV and the original investment divided by the initial outlay. PI is useful under capital rationing since it demonstrates that the exceed return can be achieved from the available funds. NPV and IRR are commonly used to measure potential investment today.Michael (2004) sugges ted that Theory would suggest that the DCF methods are superior to the traditional techniques and that NPV is superior to IRR. Therefore, potential investments can be best chosen to add value to the company. 4. A best consecrate design for the decision process Dayanada, Don. (2002) showed that capital budgeting is a multi-faceted activity. A best design for the decision process shall include seven re-creates. Arnold, G. (2008) specified that There is a great deal more to masteryful investment programme than simply project appraisal.Firstly, the company must has clear objectives and identify remunerative investments project to sustain long term development of the company. Baker, H. Kent, et al. (2011) also suggested that the first stage is identification. The company has a motivation to achieve those objectives. The management translates them to specific directions and policies by using strategic planning after the company establishes objectives. Secondly, the company can develop and classify potential investments according to strategic planning. Thirdly, there are many potential investments in any company.It needs to be screened at this stage because potential investments are without being examined in depth in the previous stages. It can eliminate unsound and less profitable investments before the next step to evaluate the potential investments. Fourthly, it is the project appraisal stage that evaluates whether those potential investments contribute additional value to the company or not. Fifthly, it requires to present various reports and sets up a level of authorization for proposed projects. Sixthly, it conducts on the implementing stage to control capital expenditure, when to implement and who to be responsible.Finally, it is the monitoring and evaluating stage that is called the post-completion audit. It compares between the existent cash flows and other forecasted cost and benefit to improve the proposed investment or inducement for further investme nt. 5. Key stage of the decision process The key stage is project appraisal at the fourth stage from the above decision process. Dayanada, Don. (2002) pointed out that project analysis is critically important for the firm. Potential investments will be considered the initial outlay and expected future cash flow associated with risk and uncertainty.At this stage, it involves the application of many techniques, such as forecast, risk analysis, time value of money, discount rate and inflation, etc. Facing many problems of potential investments, the management should be familiar with those techniques. What is the relevant cash flow for the potential investment? Karanovic, et al (2010) pointed out that In capital budgeting process one of most important things is discount rate determination. It will affect the decision-making using different discount rate. Shall the company choose the highest NPV or the highest IRR when the mutually exclusive potential investments?James & John (2008) stat ed that different investment projects often have different degrees of risk. If the proposed investment is more risky, the higher return is required. However, is higher return reasonable? If undertaking it, what will happen? Clive Emmanuel, et al (2010) stated that Once taken, capital investments are largely irreversible and significant financial sums are at risk. Hence, it may require using different appraisal techniques for the same investment, for example, using PB and/or PI technique to assist the analysis of NPV.When making decision to select potential investment, the management shall consider how to allocate the available funds to those investments efficiently at the same time. Therefore, the fund is a key issue to determine how many potential investments are undertaken. The management must concern about the liquidity of the company immediately after accepting potential investments. Improper acceptance or rejection of any proposed investment may significantly affect the long-t erm success of the company. 6. ConclusionThe capital budgeting decision process is one of the investment decisions which form the fundamental part of financial management. Inappropriate investment decisions can endanger the survival of the company and cause difficulties in obtaining additional financing from stakeholders. To make optimal capital budgeting decision process, investment proposals shall be analyzed under risk, uncertainty and inflation. After making decisions, the company shall separately consider how the funds generate in the best way. A sound capital budgeting decision process is beneficial to achieve the aims of financial management.The efficiency of financial management is a good-measurement to achieve the objective of the company. 7. Recommendations Since our company has a clear objective to maximize the shareholder wealth, it can be achieved through making potential investments to invest. Identifying potential investments is crucial to the prospect of the company. It requires expertise and management to execute the capital budgeting decision process. An independent capital budgeting committee shall be appoint to monitor the capital budgeting decision process.Since capital budgeting decision process is more dynamic, after implementing it, Cotter, et al (2003) suggested that real options should be included in a capital budgeting analysis. A good capital development system and management information system will be well on the way to achieve the objective of financial management successfully. Reference List Alkaraan, F. , & Northcott, D. (2006). Strategic capital investment decision-making A role for emergent analysis tools? A study of practice in large UK manufacturing companies. The British Accounting Review, 38(2), 149-173.Available through ABI/INFORM realized database Accessed 31 March 2012. Arnold, G. (2008). Corporate Financial Management. 4th edition. FT/Prentice Hall. Baker, H. Kent, et al. (2011). Capital budgeting valuation financi al analysis for todays investment projects. Hoboken, N. J. John Wiley & Sons. Clive Emmanuel, Elaine Harris, Samuel Komakech. (2010). Towards a better understanding of capital investment decisions. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Vol. 6 Iss 4 pp. 477 504. Available through EMERALD database Accessed 31 March 2012. Cotter, J. F. , Marcum, B. & Martin, D. R. (2003). A cure for outdated capital budgeting techniques. The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 14(3), 71-80. Available through ABI/INFORM Complete database Accessed 25 March 2012. Denzil Watson and Antony Head. (2007). Corporate Finance Principles & Practice. 4th edition. FT/Prentice Hall. Don Dayanada, et al. (2002), Capital budgeting financial appraisal of investment projects. Cambridge University Press. Graham, John Robert, & Harvey, C. R. (2000). The theory and practice of corporate finance Evidence from the field. Rochester, Rochester doi10. 139/ssrn. 220251. Available through ABI/INFORM Complete da tabase Accessed 20 March 2012 James C. Van Horne & John M. Wachowicz, Jr. (2008). fundamentals of Financial Management. 13th edition. FT/Prentice Hall. Karanovic, G. , Baresa, S. , & Bogdan, S. (2010). Techniques for managing projects risk in capital budgeting process. UTMS Journal of Economics, 1(2), 55-66. Available through ABI/INFORM Complete database Accessed 22 March 2012 Keown, John D. , Martin, J. , William Petty. (2011). Foundations of Finance the logic and practice of financial management. 7th edition. Prentice Hall.

Business Plan for Small Business Essay

IntroductionWhile solid provender hand motortrucks atomic number 18 very popular in the U.S, it seems under the strict by-laws in Ottawa as wellspring as another(prenominal) cities in Canada as the government want to protect its citizens. With a growing demand for viands trucks, the city of Ottawa has been hale to loosen restrictions on the mobile eateries, much to the approval of locals as well as chefs trying to make a mark on the culinary environment. In 2012, City Council approved the New bridle-path nutriment Vending Program to encourage innovative, convenient and cultur entirelyy diverse f be on City streets. in that location are now a bring of 61 street nutriment for thought vendors digestted on Ottawas streets (32 trucks & 29 carts). In the spring of 2013, there was an rundown of 17 new vendors (10 trucks & 7 carts). From oriental cuisine to Mexican treats, seasonal creations to sustainable seafood, these new vendors volition complement the existing mix of street foods vendors and rush together the diverse appetites of residents and tourists alike.According to the Ottawas new street food vending program, a food truck can non be heavy(p)er than 10 meters in length (33 feet), by 2.6 meters in width (8.5 feet), by 4.3 meters in height (14 feet).Refreshment trucks mustbe clean and sanitary all the timesbe in compliance with size regulationsbe safe and s hold over condition and state of good repair stimulate recycling and trash receptacles come forwardside of the social unithave a trade name written on both sides of vehicle with letters no smaller than 7cm in height be removed from City streets during non operating(a) hours (11pm 530am) not be left unattended for longer than 30 minutes during operating hoursIn addition, all licenses and permit holders mustdispose of grease and water in accordance with all laws and regulationsensure trash/recyclables resulting from the vending activity are collected and removed from the vending sp here before leaving for the day.Street Vending Insurance InformationAs a condition of being issued a mobile refreshment vehicle or cart license, you are required to obtain and master(prenominal)tain General Commercial Liability Insurance coverage which meets the following requirements insurance for Public Liability and situation Damage for vehicles with a limit of not little than $2,000,000 per occurrence insurance for Public Liability and Property Damage for carts with a limit of not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence the City of Ottawa is named as an additional insuredthe policy must contain an endorsement to provide the City with 30 days preliminary notice of cancellation or change that would diminish coverage A mobile refreshment vehicle or cart license leave alone not be issued until sufficient proof of insurance has been received and approved. Ar pose for a vehicle or cart inspectionPrepared to schedule for final inspection in time th rude By-law and Regulatory Services Branch. Contact Officer Jacqueline Mundy at 613 580 2424 EXT 33340 or by e-mail at jacqueline.mundyottawa.ca to arrange your on-site inspection. Food assistance inspection across Canada is generally carried out by these organizations provincial governments, municipalities and regional health authorities Executive SummaryThe transaction is the restaurant/ operate industry. It is definitive for us to understand that customers are our top priority, and for this reason our logical argument is entirely devoted to serving their of necessity There was recently an article in existence and mail about food allergies in Canada It is estimated that 5 to 6 per cent of young children and 3 to 4 per cent of adults suffer from food allergies. Nearly 1 per cent of the population is affected by celiac disease for them, the consumption of foods containing gluten can lead to long-term complications. (Galloway, 2012)The general public should not be upset for their health when they go out to enjoy a meal with loved integritys, they should not have to concern themselves with counter-active measures every time they dine away from home. The Food hand truck is a limited partnership and has both limited and general partners.The Food Truck go forthing strive to provide the highest quality of food and armed service to their customers. This line of credit idea had been put together by five mint from different parts of the world, making a total contribution of $54543. The Food Truck targets a wide variety of trades, concourse from all parts of the world. Our number one goal is to make customers happy, no matter the be, so that they feel happy, positive(p) and motivated to recommend us to their friends, family and colleagues The Food Truck specializes in allergy free food. The menu that The Food Truck has is all allergy-free products.However, we target all the electromotive force customers but our biggest target merchandise is people with food allergies or intolerance and these one-on-ones are definitely going to love this food. People on limited diets follow out challenges finding food that they can enjoy and The Food Truck testament provide a simple and convenient dining experience.According to the analysis, a rough sketch of costs and expenses that are going to occur after exchange 200 menu items a day will beDue to the constitution of our product, and the service our profession provides to the community, our target market can be both broad and foc dropd at the same time. It is broad in the sense that we will be serving the entirety of the Ottawa region on a region-by-region basis, a population that can be narrowed demographically to altogether an estimate of those people who have a food allergy or intolerance. For the first six months of business operations, we are scarcely looking to break level(p) in terms of profitability. every excess earned higher up and beyond our costs can be used to improve or upgrade our business, so that when our pricing objectives change, we can be one step ahead in terms of our ability to offer a better, more inclusive product. As our scathe objectives append, we can further use the communicate increase in profitability to both upgrade our primary location, and begin planning forexpansion.Based on sign investments by the management squad, to create our start-up monomania spread in the business shares, we have $20,000 to apply to our beginning costs in this business venture (100 shares x $200/share). This will cover just about half of the purchase of a food truck to use (Lagorio, 2010), or the total licensing fees and partial inventory requisite to get started. This brings us up diddle around $60,000-$75,000 to cover our start up costs and first division expenses to ensure our business runs smoothly and has the time to begin showing its own profit.This propound will analyze the very pivotal information for the allergy food truck business. The information will be divided int o different categories for better illustration. We will first discuss how our food truck business is unique and different from other types of food truck business. This report will give separately individual or grouped investor better understanding of our unique food truck business and demonstrate enceinte potential and opportunity that the allergy food truck has.And since the hindquartersing covers 90% of the start-up cost, it shouldnt be hard for the owners to easily cover any unexpected expenses that can happen in business. And in case the funding is not granted, we have a backup plan ( stick out B). So then we will be looking for other forms of financing, beginning with business loans from banks, and other investors.Manufacturing and act PlanThe first step in our plan will be getting licensed from the City of Ottawa. Food truck design is also crucial. Its al almost like designing a new kitchen for a new restaurant. Because the food truck is smaller than most of restaurant ki tchens, every inch of the situation has to be utilized. A designated area for cooking, storing, and serving is needed. Dry goods, paper goods and other perishable items will be stored in the cabinets and cupboards which will be secured while driving. implicit in(p) prep counter will be made of stainless steel and all the hazardous materials will always be kept away from food and serving utensils.Since we only serve specific items in our menu, well use a medium size truck that can give us enough quadriceps femoris to prep and serve. The serving windingow and the kitchen prep area will be made of stainless steel. All the freezers and coolers will be bolted for safety.In summer the specimen smudges are beaches and the Byward market. This truck will give enough space for employees to do their jobs and will also allow customers to ready and get their food with ease. According to my analysis, a rough sketch of costs and expenses that are going to occur after selling 200 menu items i n a month will beOnce the menu and business hits the market, the company will expand its business by buying a bigger truck which will have larger kitchen and serving area and where people can enjoy their food in the truck. So basically, it will be a mobile restaurant. Customers will have two choices, either enjoying their food on the roof or take out. The units will be equipped with proper ventilation and electrical outlets. The outside counter will hold sausages, napkins and all stuff like that as shown in first image. An awning over the window will also be handy in case of rain or bad weather (Mealy).The ownership and shares will cover the expenses for the first year and the licensing cost. The government funding will cover the cost of the truck and other expenses that cannot be covered by owners. And in case government funding is not granted, plan B will cover the cost of truck and other expenses. Once the business is up and running, the target is to sell between 7200-8000 item s over the year, which means 15-20 items per day on average, which is easily achievable. after selling 7200 items, projected net profit after paying remunerations are calcu youngd around $35000 which can be divided between the owners. Human Resources PlanThe Key members of our business team are Suzanne Crabtree, Brent Grinstead, Phuong Anh Phan, Ding Sun and Amrinder Singh. Each member holds a varyingnumber of shares for the company as elaborate belowName Shares Held% OwnershipSuzanne Crabtree4040%Brent Grinstead 3030%Phuong Anh Phan1010%Amrinder Singh1010%Ding Sun1010%Phuong Anh Phan graduated from Interior Decorating Program is watercoursely completing Small and Medium Enterprise Management Program. Phuong Anh has worked 1 year as a designer at UMA, a design company. subsequently that, 2 years of work experience were completed as an office administrator and designer at Markham Center Realty.Amrinder Singh completed high school in India before deciding to go overseas for higher studies and chose Algonquin College. He has worked as a cashier in a bank in India. In Canada, he has done roofing, worked in warehouses, macs as well as security positions. From all of this experience he has learnt how to run a business and things that we should and shouldnt do.Ding Sun was originally born in China and at the age of fifteen came to Canada. Elementary and middle school was completed in China. High school was completed in Canada. Ding transferred from the University of Ottawa to Algonquin College for post-secondary studies.After an unhappy experience at the University of Ottawa, Ding decided to take business administration with a major in accounting. Ding Sun has worked in a dollar store as a store worker and cashier for one summer also as an assembler for a small factory. international of school Ding enjoys listening to music and playing video games.Brent Grinstead has switched educational goals twice in the hold five years. Because of this, he has a fleece in R adio Broadcasting, a semesters worth of pre-design courses, and his current program is demarcation Administration with a major in Accounting.Through his work in the Radio Broadcasting program, he has learned how to juggle multiple tasks at once. During his time as a radio station manager he was trusty for creating the structure for how the material was played over the air, scheduling students for air time, and both scheduling and approving commercial and music content. Business Administration has availed him learn new ways of looking behind the scenes of the business world, as well as providing more opportunities to gain new skills with those things in mind. He has learned how to do a wide range of new tasks much(prenominal) as writing fund proposals, how to write a variety of business reports, creating and presenting marketing strategies to foster existing companies, and erudition how to properly present financial statements at the end of fiscal periods.In his varied work ex perience with a mix of duties, Brent has learned a variety of skills including time management in an office mount, how to manage tasks according to importance, how to deal with the post public, and how client records and receivables were maintained.Suzie Crabtree completed her early education in the capable program in Ottawa which helped teach her valuable learning and communications skills. After high school she began her post secondary education with three years at Carleton University. When she discovered that it was not the right fit, she transferred over to Algonquin College to complete Business Administration. In terms of work experience, she has worked for the City of Ottawa, the Federal Government, a coquet store and McDonalds. All of these experiences have provided her with exposure to a variety of different tasks. She has an excellent understanding of human resources and how to manage a successful team. She is a great communicator and is able to provide excellent custome r service. These work experiences have also allowed her to have an inside look at the finances and other procedures involved in running a business such as inventory and payroll.Before we begin to adopt staff for The Food Truck, each member of the management team will need to undergo several(prenominal) training in food allergies and intolerances so that they are better prepared to run the business and helphire and train new staff. Due to a lack of relevant experience, menu creation and planning will have to be outsourced. As well, outside help will have to be brought in to train staff on new menu items.The Food Truck will require a total of eight (8) employees altogether. There will be one (1) full-time Manager, one (1) full-time Assistant Manager, one (1) full-time cook, one (1) full-time cashier, two (2) part-time cooks, and two (2) part-time cashiers. This balance of staff will allow The Food Truck to offer a reasonable range of working(a) hours while allay working to contr ol labour costs. The Manager and Assistant Manager will be responsible for all of the day-to-day activities of the business and the business team listed above will oversee the overall running of the business.Our job application for The Food Truck is provided below. We are looking for employees with experience as a cook or cashier depending on the position applied for. Our Manager and Assistant Manager will need to have previous managerial experience in a food-related business. They should possess excellent administrative and analytical skills. They should be planning-oriented, cautious and focused on the short term.Our cooks and cashiers should have just about previous experience in their related area and should be open to receiving training related to food allergies and intolerances. Experience is not mandatory and we are willing to train new individuals. Our cashiers must be friendly and outgoing and must possess excellent customer service skills. Experience handling money would be an asset for the cashiers. All individuals must be willing to work as a part of a team and must understand the close quarters nature of the food truck business. The cooks should also be friendly in nature since they will be working as a part of a team in a cramped space. All individuals must be responsible and committed to coming to work on time and doing a great job.To evaluate employees there will be periodic performance review sessions. The first review session will be a probationary session and will take place 60 days after hire. This session will determine whether or not the employee has a future with the organization. After the initial probationary session,performance reviews will occur every 6 months. These performance reviews will allow employees to discuss ideas, questions, complaints and job expectations. Employee behaviour and attitudes will also be monitored on a cursory basis and discussions regarding performance whitethorn take place at any point between review ses sions.Wage increases will occur on a yearly basis with a performance review session at the end of the fiscal year. Employees will start off with a competitive wage varying from minimum wage to higher levels junior-graded on their experience, training and performance. Employees will be offered bonuses and incentives for working special events and help to attract and retain customers. merchandise PlanThe ConceptOur product is specifically targeted at people who have an allergy or intolerance to certain foods or food ingredients. We are assay to give them an alternative, healthy, safe option with respect to their needs with regards to these intolerances when they are looking for food options away from home. Because allergies are not a limited condition to a particular age group, the beginnings of our targeting will revolve around the population of Ottawa, from families with young children at home to college students to the elderly, anyone with an allergy or intolerance will fall in spite of appearance the realm of our market. We are looking to target those that are health conscious and looking for an alternative to the continuous run-of-the-mill take-out food options in the city.Market dislocationDue to the nature of our product, and the service our business provides to the community, our target market can be both broad and focused at the same time. It is broad in the sense that we will be serving the entirety of the Ottawa region on a region-by-region basis, a population that can be narrowed demographically to only an estimate of those people who have a food allergy or intolerance. The total population of the city of Ottawa was projected atroughly 920,178 people for 2011, based on three possible scenarios the city officials examined, and an average taken of the results (City of Ottawa, 2001-13).Taking this number, we can further narrow our market by only targeting those that self-report an allergy or food intolerance, which is roughly 7% of Canadians ( heal th Canada, 2012). Using this percentage, we can limit our target market to around 64,412 people in the Ottawa region. Now, further, according to a study done by Statistics Canada, roughly a quarter of people in Ontario (26.8%) consume food from a fast food outlet on a regular basis (Garriguet, 2004), which further narrows our potential target market to around 17,262 regular users. The rest of the projected market (the remaining 47,150) can in time be sought after as occasional users, but cant be relied upon for a regular consumer or income base.Advantages and DisadvantagesBecause we will be operating a food-based business, there are a few advantages and disadvantages to consider, which include the followingAdvantagesDisadvantagesWe offer a unique product, and it is the sole product we market, making our niche market fill very focused We have analyzed and are trying to fill a very specific consumer need We can broaden our consumer base by reaching out to people who dont have allergi es, strictly on the premise that our food is a healthier alternative to regular take-out We are able to modify our menu as needed to better represent what our consumers are asking for or looking for in this kind of setting Alternatively, we can modify our menu based on profitability of items, trying new options with more inexpensive ingredients There are a wide range of food providers currently on the market (with some restaurants already offering allergy and intolerance alternatives) Allergy alternatives (making the same dishes with allergy conscious ingredients) can be more expensive to supply Starting up with one location may make it difficult to reach the broadest possible consumer base, until the foundation is reached and the business expands law of proximity to other food providers may provide unnecessarily high levels of competition, making it difficult tomake an impact when starting upEnvironmental AnalysisOn top of these advantages and disadvantages, there are also a numbe r of other environmental factors to be considered when evaluating our ability to make a strong market entry. Factors such as the competing businesses currently in the market, the legal climate and regulations specific to our business type, the political climate in the city (if relevant to our business), technological progress that may impact our business, the economic stability of the region, and any socio-cultural factors that may influence our target consumers either for or against our offerings. Some of the main points for each of these factors are summarized in the table belowFactorDescription/DetailsCompetitionBased on a look at the food trucks around Ottawa that have reportedly been open recently (and can be considered our direct competition, due to the nature of business), only one in 22 boasts having gluten-free and vegetarian alternatives (and at least three are strictly dessert/snack style foods) (Street Food App, 2013), which further strengthens our niche, as consumers wo uld need to venture into a restaurant to find other options. As well, 22 food trucks serving all of Ottawa makes it both an obviously lucrative venture, and a rather thinly spread one. LegalThere are many regulatory acts in Canada concerning the sale of food, which is understandable, due to the consumable nature of food products, and the ramifications of bad foods. From acts concerning dairy products, to those concerning agriculture, to those that cover the licensing of food sales (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2013), all would need to be considered in beginning the start-up plans for our business. PoliticalN/AEconomicThe average income of an Ottawa family in 2010 was $94,700 (Statistics Canada, 2012), which, when tied into the previous stated market size numbers, we can easily state with confidence that there are around 16,000 targetable families in the Ottawa region with this average income level. In addition, when tying the same food economy to this, when taking into account that there are only 22 similar businesses open in Ottawa at any give time (most of which dont offer allergy alternatives), the demand for a product similar to our own is fairly high, with a low supply. TechnologicalThe main technological factors that impact our business are any advances in allergy treatment. Elizabeth Landau of CNN reported that new experiments involving gradual exposure to allergens for people with severe allergies to foods such as peanut vines has shown promise in increasing the tolerance of these people to the reaction-inducing foods (2010). With time, advances such as this could make allergy-free foods unnecessary, causing our business model to become obsolete. However, there is still no true cure for allergies. Socio-CulturalWe are aiming to provide a location where the clientele can feel as though their allergies are understood as allergies and not as preferences (Hadley, 2006). As well, we are providing the assured cleanliness that people with allergies wil l come to expect, being assured that their food hasnt come into contact with any run a risk factors, ensuring their comfort in dining out at our locations. The PlanWe are looking to fill a very noticeable gap in the food market of the Ottawa region with a business that provides allergy conscious foods, foods that are provided with the guarantee that they have not come into contact with our individual consumers intolerances or allergies. We peg down on doing this from a food truck style location, something that can be moved from location to location to better provide for our broadly lay consumer base. This will also provide us with a higher ease of expanding the business as it begins to gain traction in the community, as we can simply purchase a new truck as the funds become available to better provide for our clientele. PricingIn terms of pricing, upon market entry, we intend on pursuing a penetrative pricing strategy, ensuring our prices fall pretty below the market average in order to encourage consumers to approach our business to satisfy their needs. As our client base increases, we can adopt a more aggressive pricing strategy like status quo to begin to increase our profitability as a business. Projections for this switch will fall around the six month after opening mark, in order to give our business the time it needs to properly establish a presence in both the market and the community it serves. Further down the line, we may adopt an even higher pricing strategy, leaning for towards premium pricing, to ensure we can offer the best product possible to our consumers.As we gain consumer base, and as their individual needs become prevalent, it may become clear that we arent equipped to satisfy all of their needs at the current cost point. Increasing our pricing in such a way shouldnt discourage loyal consumers, but will enable us to better approach a broader, more inclusive menu of products that has the potential to vastly increase and improve our clie nt relations.For the first six months of business operations, we are simply looking to breakeven in terms of profitability. Any extra earned above and beyond our costs can be used to improve or upgrade our business, so that when our pricing objectives change, we can be one step ahead in terms of our ability to offer a better, more inclusive product. As our price objectives increase, we can further use the projected increase in profitability to both upgrade our primary location, and begin planning for expansion. DistributionOur distribution plan is purely a point-of-sale endeavour. Consumers would come to our location, and we would serve them allergy free dishes there. As our business grows, however, we may begin to consider catering opportunities to help businesses with staff lunches and similar events. As well, we could knock over into simply catering family events for families looking to be able to meet the needs of relatives, children, and so on who have food allergies or intole rances when planning larger family functions. These ideas would be pursued after a proper evaluation of the business model two or three yearsinto operations, based on how profitable the business is, where the demand for our product stands, how far our business has been able to expand, and whether we have the resources to pursue a venture such as this in addition to our prototype operations. advertize/PromotionAdvertising efforts should be focused in the month prior to opening, for a immense push towards the grand opening of the business. The following outlines some of the standard rates available for advertising in Ottawa and the areaAdvertising MethodCosts AssociatedNewspaperStandard advertising with a newspaper such as the Ottawa Citizen ranges up to $60 an ad for their online site (Ottawa Citizen, 2013), something that would be worth considering as the online movement for news and newspapers has been fairly large, as traditional fall guy media has started to decline in popula rity. This would make it fairly easy to run an effective newspaper campaign for around or under $500 in the weeks atomic number 82 up to the opening of our business.RadioBased on a contact at KISS FM in Ottawa, a standard rate for a 30 second radio commercial is $115, and they often offer one free for every one purchased (Tompkins, 2013). Because this is more expensive than newspaper advertising, within the last week before opening, we could run an effective campaign for $1150 (4 commercials per day x 5 days) Word of MouthWord of mouth advertising is often the most important form that can be used, as people are far more willing to believe and trust what their friends have done or experienced than what an advertisement tells them. Following opening the business, it would be profitable to offer small incentives to the initial wave of consumers in order to encourage them to bring their friends out to the food truck (for example, offering 20% off their next dish if they bring a friend with them).The results of this marketing push can easily be determined through an assessment of weekly revenues when weighed against costs. If weeks go by consecutively where there is minimal or no profits showing, then it would be crucial to reassess the plan and make changes where necessary or able to. Though, when there are significant profits showing in the books, it may be wise(p) at that point to continue as planned, to ensure the plan continues to be an effective means of profit generation.Financial PlanBased on initial investments by the management team, to create our start-up ownership spread in the business shares, we have $20,000 to apply to our beginning costs in this business venture (100 shares x $200/share). This will cover around half of the purchase of a food truck to use (Lagorio, 2010), or the total licensing fees and partial inventory needed to get started. This brings us up short around $60,000-$75,000 to cover our start up costs and first year expenses to ensu re our business runs smoothly and has the time to begin showing its own profit.Funding we are expecting to receive include small business grants from the Government of Canada. This grant and loan system offers to cover up to 90% of the financing required to get a new small business started (Industry Canada, 2013). However, this funding isnt guaranteed, so we will be looking for other forms of financing, beginning with business loans from banks, and other investors.According to our operating budgets, our two weeks first year costs will run at around $3,940, which will be more than covered with our projected sales numbers, which allow for peak season in the spring and summer months, and a slow season in the late fall and winter months (when people arent out on the street as much and running a food truck becomes costly and slightly impractical). In order to break even, we would have to sell 7200-8000 4,124 meal items over the course of the year, at a cost of $5 per item, or an average of 15-2011 items per day, which is a completely feasible goal to meet. With summer months bringing in more customers than the winter, the overflow would easily balance out those slow months, ensuring our goal was met and likely garnering some profits to put towards expansion and annual costs for our second year of business. And if the target is met, we can easily be able to pay a huge part of our debt or use the money in taking the business to the next level. The total projected yearly net income after paying fee are calculated to be around $35000 which can be divided by owners in their respective shares.Exit StrategyOur food truck purpose is offering food alternatives without the reactionincluding ingredients. Our service is serving the Ottawa communities from all range of different customers and different cultures as well. We hope to raise awareness of food allergies in the city, and demonstrate our own working solution to combat the shortage of allergy-friendly alternatives in the Ottawa area. As the business grows, we plan to turn our food truck shop into a franchise.According to Ottawa Public Health regulations related to food handling and storage, there are currently no restrictions on the types of food that may be sold on the street. On-street food vendors require a mobile refreshment vehicle business license and designated space permit issued by the City of Ottawa. The total annual fee for truck ranges from $4,703 to $6,748. The breakdown of these fees is as follows Annual Business License Fee for Trucks $2,9816 Month Business License Fee for Trucks $1,945Annual Designated Space Permit FeeTruck (Downtown Core) $3,767Truck (Outside Core) $1,722Permits and business licenses are issued annually and expire on May 15th. After the initial issuance of the permit and license, it is required to renew the permit and business license within the renewal period of April 25th to May 15th each year.Furthermore, we are aware of policies relating to food truck busine ss as following Public health oversight of food truck operationsThe operation of food trucks in public right-of-waysPolicy statements pertaining to mobile food vendingEconomic development programs applicable to food trucks such as financial incentives, social media/ technology tools or training Program for encouraging/promoting innovation in food trucksThe Food Truck is a Corporation owned by five members. A Corporation Agreement is included to allocate the profits or losses in any ratio agreed to between the partners. Each partner will consult a separate attorney at the outset, and all members should agree on the set terms and conditions of the corporation. We believe that a food truck is a unique business niche therefore we come up with a mini business review based on our business strategy, competitive decorate analysis, menu fit to consumer demographics, financial performance, management roles and responsibilities, employee qualifications, and community connection. We hope to ex pand our business to franchise in the next 3 years. However, we also look in consideration if there is an exit scenario for our business during the period or afterward. Because of this, we are focusing our energy on creating a business that buyers will want.We are working on our profitability, competitive edge, sustainability, scalability and corporate culture. In term of selling or passing on our business, we plan to hire the financial, legal tax and business consultant to help shepherd the sale through. This will prevent usfrom stressful, time-consuming process fraught with moving parts and paperwork. Along with the financial, legal tax and business advisor, we will also find a business broker banker in the area. This will help us to set a realistic asking price and assembling the necessary marketing materials for our business. The broker will discreetly contact potential buyers on our behalf. When it comes to risks, we are looking into the matters with close focus to identify th e current and future problems for further analysis and desired actions required to close the gap. There are vehicle risks, operation risks, and liability risks. For vehicle risks, the risks include auto accidents, fire, theft, flood, wind damage, hail damage and electrical breakdowns.These risks can be lessened through education and training. A commercial auto insurance coverage will help to mitigate the cost of damage and loss of operational readiness due to the physical structure of our business. For operator risks, we are faced with slips, falls, cuts, burns, smoke inhalation and back injury from all the heavy lifting that is required during the workload of the day. We are aware that our employees are our biggest asset and can also be our biggest liabilities. It is important to have them well trained for their jobs and duties. Workers compensation insurance will be added in their working contracts.For liability risks, food trucks pose liabilities to employees in many ways. not on ly that they may hurt themselves during work, they are also at risk of food-related illnesses and auto accidents that are somewhat unique to food trucks. We are carefully considering investment in business insurance for liability, spoilage insurance, business automobile insurance and workers compensation in order to adequately cover their bases. We have also analyzed our competitive landscape that includes competitive food trucks, restaurants, and food carts in the regions of Ottawa. This will keep us up to date of the marketplace and our competitors. Beside the risks, we are building up our business strategyBusiness physical location is the priority pick. We are in the process of choosing our business location. There are some options such as near office complexes, downtown urban areas, along busy roads, recreation destinations. We also cater private and public events if we can get the contract. Business physical design is an eye-catch for the first sight customers. Keeping themenu simple that customers can read easilyKeeping the menu at a degree of flavor familiarity which contain locally grown and allergy free ingredients Charging competitive prices. Budget discounts for bad weather (sales can falls up to 50%) Establishing a regular customer base by providing the same quality food and products Keeping a clean and welcoming business environmentHaving adapted leaders and managers who guide the effort and monitor results Being flexible, with a willingness to re-evaluate based on performance feedback and to make necessary changes throughout the process in order to get the desired results As important as business strategy, marketing techniques are a must in this society of social and network. Using ledger of mouthUsing social media (todays special, chef tips, social only discounts, online to offline social gatherings), network to advertise our business (email marketing) Investing in business cardsHosting a grand opening event to establish our food truck as a m ember in the local community Having loyalty program for reverting customers (Buy 10 get 1 free) Creating awareness by joining in charity fundsServing for holiday partiesWe are aware that customer service is the most signification investment that we should pay attention to in our business. We will show people that we love what we do. We will try to maintain a great product for a great price.BibliographyCanadian Food Inspection Agency. (2013, April 26). Acts and Regulations. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Canadian Food Inspection Agency http//www.inspection.gc.ca/about-the-cfia/acts-and-regulations/eng/1299846777345/1299847442232City of Ottawa. (2001-2013). 1.4 Projection Results. Retrieved July 10, 2013,from Ottawa http//ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/get-know-your-city/statistics/14-projection-resultsCity Of Ottawa. (n.d.). New street food vending program. Retrieved from http//ottawa.ca/en/business/business-licenses-applications-and-permits/business-licensing/new-street-food-vending City of Ottawa. (n.d.). Ottawas new street food vending program . Retrieved from http//ottawa.ca/sites/ottawa.ca/files/attachments/ottpage/nsf_vend_info_en_0.pdfGarriguet, D. (2004). Overview of Canadians ingest Habits. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Statistics Canada http//publications.gc.ca/Collection/Statcan/82-620-M/82-620-MIE2006002.pdfEMBO Reports http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1679775/Hadley, C. (2006, November 11). Food allergies on the rise? Determining the prevalence of food allergies, and how quickly it is increasing, is the first step in tackling the problem. Retrieved July 10, 2013, fromHealth Canada. (2012, August 22). Food Allergies and Intolerances. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Health Canada http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/securit/allerg/index-eng.phpIndustry Canada. (2013, April 2). Canada Small Business Financing Program. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from Industry Canada http//www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/csbfp-pfpec.nsf/eng/h_la00007.htmlLagorio, C. (2010, May 12). How to O pen a (Successful) Food Truck. Retrieved July 17, 2013, from Inc. http//www.inc.com/guides/2010/05/opening-a-successful-food-truck.htmlLandau, E. (2010, February 19). Exciting advance reported in peanut allergy therapy. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from CNNhttp//www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/19/aaas.food.allergies/index.html Mealy, L. (n.d.). Food truck design . Retrieved from http//restaurants.about.com/od/restaurantconcepts/a/food_truck_design.htmOttawa Citizen. (2010-2013). Specs & Guides Rate Card. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Ottawa Citizen http//www.ottawacitizen.com/about-ottawa-citizen/advertising/specs/rate-card.htmlStatistics Canada. (2012, June 27). median total income, by family type, by census metropolitan area . Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Government of Canada http//www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/famil107a-eng.htmStreet Food App. (2011-2013). Ottawa Food Trucks. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from Street Food App http//streetfoodapp.com/ottawaStreet food ott awa. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//streetfoodott.com/trucks-2/Tompkins, J. (2013, May 21). quote (Email communication). Ottawa, ON, Canada.

My Favourite Peson Essay

My beget is the close toconfusing, weird, insane, and strangest person i know she is also the near beautiful, caring, loving, and strongest figure in my life. She loves learning, and has been supportive in my diseases. She has taught me so many things about a congenital lifestyles that I keep in mind day to day. I have manyinspirational people that surround me, only when my mothers crazy, creative, and supporting personality has made her my favorite person in the world.Just sitting with her brings me comfort. She smells of sugariness coconut and her skin is warm and soft like soft cashmere. I love her laugh, and how her eyes shine optimistically and full of life. She has a modal value of devising those crazy and stressful days melt away and leaves your soul content. Even when others speak ill of her, I never hear her returning such words. proficient now she is miles away, yet I call her and her voice is as warm as her embrace. There is people in this world who deserve an awar d, and she is one of them. The way she has grown in the past few years astounds me. I can see it in her actions that she is stronger than i have ever seen her, and each time i see her she looks more beautiful than she did before.She is no ordinary woman. She dances around the house with the grace of a fish out of water, and she gets away with it. She remembers only parts of songs and movies, I found it irritating but now all I want is to hear her sing her fragmented songs and dance all the time. My favorite memory of her is contend card games, we would play using weird accents that must be a cross between Russian, and Icelandic. Im not sure anyone else could understand us, and candidly I am pretty sure someone would send us to Essandale if they were to see us. Particularly when we cooked a meal together and turned on the music, because the magic would really happen. Those are the memories I hold dear.I applaud my mother for her strength. My family tells me that I am like her, and if I am anything like her than I would not complain. Having a child at 18 cant be easy, growing up I know she always tried her hardest to be thebest mother she could be. Having a child with 3 diseases must have taken a pretty big toll on her, yet she learned all shecould about them and provided the supportive lifestyle I needed to not let these diseases take control of me. She always tries to make the best out of a bad situation, and she has cognize her fare share of that. Even with battles of her own she would wipe her tears away and take away my sorrows.She has taught me so much, one thing I appreciate the most is her interest in natural products. Her interest has also brought a great many memories that I will never forget. She was starting to get into natural wash products,I believe she tried washing her hair with eggs and rinsing it with baking soda. She came out with her hair looking like Frankenstein, it really did feel like wire. She veritable(a) tried to put oil in it to fix it, it made no difference. My mom has tried so many things, although many of her attempts did not work as planned she never stopped. Among one of her attempts was a body wash, it ended up as a lumpy concoction that looked that like glue and tapioca beads. She went on to urinate my favorite rejuvenating body wash with fresh mint and sweet thyme, and every time I smell it think of her. She has so many books on natural home remedies, that I am very thankful for. But the way she studies for hours and keeps going is truly epic, she is always eager to learn more and is very determined.through and through life we learn lessons, most of them are through people we meet and situations we endeavour. I think its the small things learned that make the difference in life. I learned so many things from her, and together they have made me who I am today. She may not be the most patient at times, but she has been very patient with me. My mother is my favorite person. They say a parents love ju st happens, I believe different. She has carved herself into my heart with a silken blade. cope and Respect cannot just be forced upon a person, but is a process like any relationship that is done with patience, acceptance, and frustration. I know I will be successful in my life, because of her. I have learned never to give up, even when the world is against you. Because of her compassion and forgiveness , I have come to know a lust for life and to feel content even when the worlds a blur.

Into the Wild Essay

You will have 45 minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic assigned below. Before you begin create verbally, read the passage c befully and plan what you will say. Your essay should be as well up-organized and carefully written as you can make it. I think that Chris McCandless was bright and bestial at the uniform time. He had no common sense, and he had no business divergence into Alaska with his wild-eyed silliness. He made a jalopy of mistakes based on arrogance. I dont admire him at all for his courage nor his august ideas. Really, I think he was just plain waste. Shaun CallarmanExplain Callarmans argument and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with his analysis. Support your position, providing reasons and examples from your suffer experience, observations, or reading. The sample educatee essays that take after reflect the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for their respective gibes. exemplification student essay with a score of 6Life Not an Episode o f Grizzly ManYes, living alone in the wilderness like Thoreau and capital of the United Kingdom sounds exciting, especially if you fake a liberal part of your adventures or if you can pack up and go home when you get in like manner hungry. Chris McCandless doesnt have these options, further Shaun Callarman believes that Chris is full of Romantic silliness, and by this statement I think he means that Chris goes into Alaska seeing only the good parts of the wilderness experience. Like Callarman, I believe that Chris has a manoeuvre full of Romantic ideas and that he lacks common sense although I would non call him plain crazy. When Chris decides to map some part of the Alaskan wilderness thats already been mapped, he is definately showing Romantic silliness. Callarman is right about this it doesnt seem very courageous to me to waste time doing work that someone else has already done I would want to spend my time doing something more useful. The wilderness in Alaska is be ruined with oil pipes and spills. Chris could of taken some of his noble ideas and employ them to better the area. By spending his energy for a good cause, he would non have seemed so self-important and ignorant, as Callarman states. It might have matte up romantic to him to draw his own map, but he was staying in a bus, so it seems pretty clear to me that somebody else had been there already. Also, Callarman says that Chris made a lot of mistakes base on arrogance. I agree Chris does make a lot of errors. For instance, he brings the wrong kind of gun, the wrong kind of clothes, too galore(postnominal) books and not enough food.What is the usage of his reading and his library research in Alaska if hes not discharge to be willing to take advise? So yes, Chriss mistakes maybe coming from an arrogant brain. On the other hand, Chris did show some noble ideas, in contrast to what Callarman states. He tries to keep other population from getting involved with him by not letting them get too close. In addition, he really did kill a moose and not a carabou, as some slew made fun of him for doing. Finally, he roll in the hays a lot longer out in the wilderness than most people could Chris is definately a bizarre mix of qualities, as Callarman argues, but now that I think about it Chris is not really as vainglorious as he looks. existence one-year-old (high school and college) is suppose to be the time of our lives for Romantic silliness. Arent we suppose to be idealists during this time? I would not want my plans and dreams to be called arrogant or ignorant, because theyre important to me and I want them to come true. All in all, with his bad family life and sketchy role models like London, Chris did not do too bad. I do come up sorry for his parents and sister and friends, but his life is a lesson for all of us to be careful but to follow our dreams as much as we can. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 6. The superior r esponse indicates that the author is very well prepared to bring off college-level reading and constitution. The source offers a concise and accurate explanation of the Callarman quotation and effectively addresses all aspects of the prompt. The essay demonstrates a thorough, critical instinct of the passage, invoking Callarman both directly and indirectly, integrating quoted material smoothly, and victimisation the Callarman quotation to campaign the writers response. The essay consistently and insightfully negotiates among Callarman and the writer, even to the extent that the writing itself functions to modify the writers position as the essay progresses. With a few exceptions (see the second paragraph, for example) the writer uses transitions appropriately and effectively, both within and betweenparagraphs, to guide the commentator through the essay. The writer offers specific, accurate, and relevant examples (the map, the insufficient clothing and food, too many books) to support the essays points. The writer concludes the essay by referring to London again at the end and bringing the essay full circle. The essays paragraphs get shorter toward the end as the writer perhaps begins to rush, yet they are b highwayly unified, focused, and well developed. The writer has learned to write in the literary present extend, with only some wavering of verb tense (especially toward the end of the essay). The essay is generally free of errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics, except for minor slips (such as definately and maybe versus may be) that do not interfere with meaning. Sample student essay with a score of 5Into the Wild EssayShaun Callarman does not have much good to say about Chris McCandless. He believes that he, was bright and ignorant at the same time, meaning that Chris was smart just smart enough to get himself killed in Alaska. Callarman also believes that Chris, was just plain crazy, which I think is taking his argument too far. I agree that Chris was foolish and made mistakes based on arrogance, but I dont think he was crazy. Chris was just a bad combination of brains and stupidity. A college graduate should know enough to prepare for the wilderness. Who goes to a c gray-haired and distant military position like Alaska with a backpack full of books and a bag of rice? He had enough money to buy the stuff he needed, why not spend some of his savings on a $5 map? His $24,000 would of bought him a lot of equiptment and food. People kept trying to buy him equiptment but each time he denied them. Is this universeness independent, or is it being stupid? I vote for stupid. Of course, Chris had a lot of problems that contributed to his decision to go into the wild. For example, his parents marriage was awful, and his dads double life moldiness of been a huge shock. It seems that Chris did a lot of this to spite his parents, like lieing about his identity, ignoring letters from home, and badmouthing his Mom and protactinium. There are lots of people like him that feel they have something to prove, so they go out and do something wreckless.Chris didnt prove anything by going to Alaska, besides that he was an idiot. If he hated his Mom and Dad so much, maybe he should of justgone somewhere and started a new life, maybe he should of taken his savings and bought a cabin in Alaska and been alone as long as he precious instead of starving to death in a bus for innocent hikers to find later. If Chris is crazy, hence so are a lot of other people, but he seems more foolish and even mean. For example, what about the way he treated the old man Ron? Ron really cared about Chris and he had already lost his entire family, but Chris tried to tell him how to live. After all that, he hit the road again and left Ron behind. This example shows that he only thinks of himself throughout the book, which just makes him like many others, heavy. Callarman lets him off too easy when he calls him crazy. If Chris was crazy, he could of been helped, but I believe he was mostly foolish and angry. He went to Alaska in a temper tantrum to show everyone, but he give the biggest price in his death. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 5. The clear competence of the essay indicates that this writer is ready to handle college-level reading and writing. The writer provides a reason adapted and clear thesis that responds to the prompt. The writer opens with an accurate summary of the Callarman passage, choosing to focus on the idea of whether or not Chris is crazy to develop a well-reasoned response. The writer shows some depth and complexity by attempting to consider opposing viewpoints in the third paragraph, although the logic wavers somewhat. The essay tends to overuse generalities (largely that McClandless was dumb or stupid), and some sections are underdeveloped. However, the writer does provide some specific examples (McClandless refusal to obtain equipment, his ab andonment of Ron) to back up the essays assertions. The writers personal voice is lively and consistent throughout the essay.Transitions are occasionally awkward or missing, but the writer generally succeeds at using transitional language to guide the reader through the essay. The writer is able to reiterate the essays position in the final paragraph without being overly repetitive. The essay suffers from some errors of expression, such as spelling (equiptment, lieing), usage (would of, should of), mechanics (his parents marriage), semicolon use, pronoun confusion (the use of he in the first of all paragraph), and style (overuse of a lot), but these concerns do not generally detract from meaning. On the strong side,this writer has learned to use a comma before coordinating conjunctions that connect independent clauses. Sample student essay with a score of 4Chris McCandless was a risk-taker. He was a young man that wanted to be independent and live his life without anyone telling hi m what to do. Some people, such as Shaun Callarman, describe him as ignorant and arrogant. Others admire him for his expertness to maintain his independence and live under his own control while maintaining his morals. Shaun Callarman says he was bright and ignorant at the same time. He had to have been bright. He read amazingly difficult books and followed their teachings as well. However, aside from calling him bright, Callarman also calls McCandless ignorant. Was McCandless ignorant for following the teachings of these books? No. He was just curious and obviously determined. Callarman states, He had no common sense, and he had no business going into Alaska with his Romantic silliness. I agree with what Callarman says in this passage. Common sense would have told him to bring the prerequisite supplies with him before attempting to go into the wilderness of Alaska. I have been taught from a very young age to not go anywhere without my necessities, whether it be money, food, or wat er. I also have been taught to not go anywhere alone, especially if it is a huge risk. Chris McCandless ignored, or showed absolutely no common sense. I do not however think he was crazy. I do admire him for his ability to retain his morals and live his dreams out to their fullest potential. He took risks and in doing so was able to achieve what he most wanted. Independence. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 4. This adequate response to the topic suggests that the writer should be able to handle college-level reading and writing. The writer demonstrates a generally accurate understanding of the passage, although the writer struggles to understand some of Callarmans points (i.e., how McCandless could be bright and ignorant at the same time). The essay delivers its thesis in the first sentence this thesis is succinct and responds to the prompt. The first paragraph is brief but adequately set up, with the question, Was Chris independent or arrogant? posed through logic and transitional language (e.g., Some people . . . in the third sentence,followed by Others . . . in the ivth). The writer quotes Callarman both directly and indirectly and attempts to incorporate quoted material smoothly with tag phrases, introductions, and other markers, although the quotations after the first paragraph are repetitive in terms of structure and logic. The essay as a whole is somewhat simplistic and repetitive.The final paragraph, for example, canonically restates the thesis paragraph (first paragraph), and the body paragraphs tend to excerpt their points as well. The logic in the essay is uneven, particularly in the third paragraph, where the essay seems to argue against its own thesis when the writer attempts to acknowledge Callarmans Romantic silliness comment. The writer offers transitional language, although somewhat simplistic, within paragraphs (however is a prominent transition) but does not provide exchangeable guidance for the reader between paragraphs. The examples from the text (reading hard books, leaving without necessities) are relevant but are general and underdeveloped. The essay generally demonstrates control of grammar, usage, and mechanics in fact, this essay is a prime example of a paper that handles the English language quite competently but that struggles in other areas, such as organization and development. Sample student essay with a score of 3Chris McCandless was an adventourous man. Chris McCandless wanted to live his life to the fullest. Chris had changed his name to Alex the Supertramp. Alex wanted to live on the road. So he packed up all his belongings and burned his money. He unfortunaly died hundred and twelve days after he hit the road. Many people think of him as inspiration. While Others belived he was Crazy. I personally believe that Alex was an inspiration. An man by the name of Shawn Callarman had written a passage about Alex. Callarman writes I think that Chris McCandless was bright and ignorant. Callarman goes on to say that I think he was just plain Crazy. I disagree I believe Alex had a purpose in life. I believe that Alex had taken some time to think about his journey. Alex had a purpose in his life. I believe he wanted to show people how they can have goals and still acheive them. Even though he died on his Journey he left a track behind. Alex had many pals along the way and he made a difference in their lives. Chris McCandless was an inspiration to me. Many people have their opinions of Chris. Chriss story could leantowards both ways. I believe that Chris MaCandless made a difference in a least one persons life on his Journey. Chris McCandless was Crazy but he was not just a regular man. Chris McCandless was an inspiration to us all. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 3 however, it is a weak 3. Although the essay suggests developing competence, it is flawed in significant ways that suggest the write r needs additional practice before being able to succeed in college-level reading and writing. The writer makes limited use of the passage, focusing solely on the idea of McClandlesss potential craziness. The essay quotes Callarman by implication and without attribution in the final sentence of the first paragraph. It mentions Callarman directly only in the second paragraph by providing two quotations, the first of which is just dropped in, then left unaddressed. The writer struggles to choose between two potential thesis statements (I personally believe that Alex was an inspiration and I believe Alex had a purpose in life), both contained in the second paragraph and reiterated but not supported elsewhere in the essay. The body paragraphs are a series of assertions that lack effective transitions.The writer has limited control of syntax and vocabulary, using a highly repetitive sentence structure throughout the essay, with constructions of similar length, grammatical structure, and simplicity (e.g., the first three sentences of the first paragraph open with the word Chris). The writer offers examples from the text that are accurate (McClandlesss changing his name, burn mark the money, making friends along the way), but these examples are often unspecific and are generally underdeveloped and undersupported. The writer struggles to maintain a consistent and appropriate verb tense throughout the essay. The essay suffers from an accumulation of errors, especially errors in spelling (unfortuanly and belived), punctuation (missing commas and misused single quotation marks), and erratic capitalization (Others and Crazy). Sample student essay with a score of 2Into the Wild EssayCallarmans argument is that he thinks that McCandless was bright but a the same time ignorant. He tries to tell that he was dum by saying he wasignorant. Also he try to said that McCandless didnt have no business to go to Alaska. That he made Mistakes based on Pride. That he was just going t here because he was Crazy he didnt know why he was going there. I also agree with him because why he wanted to go to Alaska. Specialy when he didnt have the right things to live in a place like that. He also was playacting crazy that he didnt even know what he was doing. He even die because he didnt have no Food to eat. And he was acting weird with his parents and his brother and sister. Callamar made a good opinion about McCandless by saying that because he didnt act like a normal person. I think he didnt act like an adult. Specialy when he sent the Letters to his Family and his Friends. I think he did Miss his people he didnt wanted to assume he Miss them. He should to stay with his parents and never went to Alaska. McCandless did it wrong because he went to Alaska just because of his Romantic illness. That was not a good reason to just go away and live to another place were he would not live in good conditions. I think he could Forget about his Romantic illness and he could even get another person. But he even kill his own life which is not a good thing. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 2. The adept flaws here indicate that this writer will need considerable additional practice before being able to succeed in college-level reading and writing. This patch provides a good picture of a student whose ESL writing features are profoundly obscuring what would otherwise be a stronger (that is, a 3-level) essay. The writer demonstrates a basic understanding of the passage but focuses on repeating Callarmans points without establishing a clear direction for the essay. The writer fails to respond to the prompt with a focused thesis. The first sentence of the second paragraph, I also agree with him . . . alludes to a potential thesis that has not yet been offered and that never appears explicitly in the essay. Although the writer attempts four body paragraphs, the paragraphs are not logically linked to one another. The writer attempts in the second paragraph to use transitional language to guide the reader through that particular paragraph, but the essays organization both within and between paragraphs is left largely to the reader to discern.The essay offers generalizations (he was acting weird with his parents) without providing specific support. The writerlacks basic control of syntax (see the first sentence of the third paragraph) and vocabulary (Romantic illness), and some statements make no logical or syntactic sense at all (see the third sentence of the second paragraph and the first sentence of the third paragraph). The writer has terrible and persistent errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics (spelling, erratic capitalization) that severely interfere with meaning. The problems many English learners have with idioms (because why he wanted to go), verb tenses (he tries to said), and verb forms (he even kill his own life) are pervasive and profoundly obscure meaning. Sample student essay w ith a score of 1I sure do agree with Callarmans argument. She is absolutly right McCandless was bright and ignorant. And He defenatly had no common sense, he was one of those weird people you wont expect. For my observation she gots the same thoughts as I do. I shure think defining terms allows me to cushion my position. The evidence that I will use is that He was writing all his up and down pants. In my point of view I think that McCnadless was avery unique guy. He even did things that no one would do. An example, work all over he stop use his name and give out half of his idenity. That is my point and answere for this paragraph. CommentaryThis essay illustrates the EPT Scoring Guides criteria for a score of 1. The fundamental deficiencies of this essay clearly indicate that the writer needs much additional practice in order to be ready to succeed at college-level reading and writing. The writer agrees with the Callarman quotation without demonstrating any understanding of the pas sage. The writer fails to use the Callarman passage to develop a meaningful response to the prompt. The essay, at approximately cxx words, is hardly underdeveloped statements of agreement with Callarman make up a considerable portion of the text. The digression about cushioning my position contributes nothing to the minimal text the writer provides. The writers reflective statements about purpose are similarly wasted. The only evidence provided by the writer is McCandlesss evasive attitude toward self-identification at work, but even this example is so poorly expressed as to be nearly incoherent. The writer lacks basic control of syntax and vocabulary.The writer has serious and persistent errors in mechanics that severely interfere with meaning. Spelling and verb form errors are pervasive.